Miganda Mark OmondI Odera, Dr. John Akumu Orondo and Dr. Nashon Budy Budi
Migori County was ones called Ugaya district before 1907 under the Governor of East African Protectorate of Kisumu Province, from the lake, Karungu to Kisii. Migori is in southwestern Kenya, and borders Kisii county to the northeast, Narok to the southeast, Tanzania to the west and south, and Lake Victoria to the west. The county also borders Uganda through Migingo Island in Lake Victoria. It had population of 1,116,436 in 2019. The colonialists introduced cash-oriented economy, for example, cash agriculture, commercial fishing and mining. The objective of research was, to investigate the existence of cash oriented colonial economy in Migori County up to 1963. The study is significantly important for the development of theoretical construction on the colonial cash-oriented economy in Migori county. The researcher incorporated miners, land owners, artisanal and farmers, fishery, mining department at the county. The study was justified, because of the deteriorating agricultural production and manufacturing which has not been examined. The Structural Change Theory was applicable. The research used the hybrid of the historical and descriptive research design. The study size depended upon saturation. The data collection techniques included; the administration of Interview Schedule Guides, use of FGDG, to the participants, gathering information from Kenya National Archives and Documentation Services, secondary source synthesis. The collected data was analyzed manually and phenomenologically. The findings showed that there existed colonial cash-oriented economy in Migori, and the change of production from cultural to foreign. The study recommended that, the colonial cash-oriented economy allowed circulation of cash in Migori.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62226/ijarst20262713
REFERENCES
Amin S. (1972, 503-554), Underdevelopment and Dependence in Black Africa- Origins and Contemporary Forms: Journal of African Studies, 10(4), 1972, PP.503-554.
Alhazmi, A.A. (2022), Phenomenological Qualitative Methods Applied to the Analysis of Cross- Cultural Experience: In Nvel Educational Social Contexts. Jazan University. Saudi Arabia.
Anderson, B. (1990), Nacija: Zamisljena Zajednica (Nation: Imagined Community), Zagreb: Skolska Knjiga.
Ansoms and McKay, (2010) A Quantitative Analysis of Poverty and Livelihood Profiles: The case of rural Rwanda. Elsevier Ltd, 2010.
Ashton, T.S. (1948), The Industrial Revolution, 1760-1830. Oxford University Press.
Baldwin R.E(1956), Patterns of Development in Newly Settled Regions. The Manchester School,1956, P.161-179.
Bekele, W.B,& Ago, F.Y(2022), Sample Size for Interview in Qualitative Research in Social Sciences: A Guide to Novice Researchers. Research In Educational Policy and Management, 4(1), 42-50. ResearchGate
Brett, E. A. (1973) Colonialism and Underdevelopment in East Africa, Heinemann, London,1973.
Bundy, C. (1979) The Rise and Fall of South African Peasantry, Heinemann, Ibadan, Nairobi, Lusaka.
Chenery, H.B., & Syrquin, M. (1975). Patters of development, 1950-1970. Oxford University Press.
FAO. (2017), Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition in Africa: The Challenges of Building Resilience to Shocks and Stresses, Accra 2017.
FAO. (2021) Agricultural Value Chain Study in Iraq-Dates, grapes, tomatoes, and wheat, 2021.
Faugier, J. and Sargeant, M. (1997,790-797) Sampling Hard to Reach Population, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol 26. In Encyclopaedia of Statistical Sciences vol.8, 1997, pp.790-797.
Frank, A.G. (1969a), Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil, rev. ed., New York: Monthly Review Press, 1969a.
Gregory, D., Johnston, R., Pratt, G. Watts,m., & Whatmore, S. (Eds), 2009. The dictionary of human geography (5th ed.) Wiley- Blackwell.
Henderson et. al (2018,357-406), the global distribution of economic activity: Nature, History and the Role of Trade: In the Quarterly Journal of Economics, 133(1), 2018 p. 357-406.
Hout, W.and Salih, M.A.M. (2019), A Political Economy of African Regionalism: An Overview of Asymmetrical Development, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. 2019.
Kenya Constitution, 2010. Chapter Eleven. From page.174
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (2013).
Frank, A.G. (1973) ‘The Development and Underdevelopment’ In Cockcroft, James P. et. al(eds) Dependence and underdevelopment Anchor Books: New York, 1973.
Kamau, J. (2019), Migori is a Kenya’s place of Gold. The East African Standard, Nairobi. AllAfrica publishers.com.
Kariuki N. (1975), Africanisation of Commerce in Kenya, University of Nairobi Mba Thesis.
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (2019).
Kenyanchui, S.S. (1992), European settler Agriculture. In Ochieng W.R and Maxon R.M. (eds.), An economic History of Kenya, (pp.111-126). Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers, 1992.
KIPPRA, (2020) Kenya Economic Report 2020: Creating in Enabling Environment for Inclusive Growth in Kenya.
KIPPRA, Republic of Kenya, Migori county annual development plan 2020/2021 pp.4.
KNA (2023), Traders Urged to Utilize the Allocated Space at The Newly Constructed Ombo Market. (By Michael Obuoya and Geofrey Makokha
Kothari, C. R. (2004) Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques.2nd Edition, New Age International Publishers. New Delhi,2004.
Kvangraven, I.H., Styve, M.D, and Kufakurinani, U. (2021), ‘Samir Amin and Beyond: Radical Political Economy, Dependence and Delinking Today’, Special Issue, Review of African Political Economy 48(167): 1-152,2021.
Lake Region Bulletin (2022), by Polycarp Ochieng, KIPPRA, Migori County Integrated Development Plan 2018- 2022.
Lake region bulletin (2022), From Single Street Market Centre to A Home of Modern Skylines; How Devolution Breathed Life into Once Sleepy Migori Town (By Polycarp Ochieng).
Lewis, W. A. (1954). Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour. The Manchester School, 22(2), 139-191.
Lom Robb report by Erick Otieno (2024), adoption of alternative crops to tobacco is transforming fortunes of farmers in Migori
MCArthur J. W.and Rasmussen, K. (2016), The Future Development. Economic to end Poverty, March, 21,2016.
Matter, A. (1996) seventh- day Adventist Encyclopedia
Mbeya, P. (1938), Luo Kitgi Gi Timbegi [ A Hand –Book of Luo Customs], Equatorial Publishers, Nairobi.
Milanovic, B.B. et.al (2011), pre- industrial inequality. The economic journal, 121:255-272.
Miganda, M.O.O (2020), Impacts of Colonialism on Land Tenure Systems and Agricultural Practices in Awendo Sub County, Kenya, 1903-2010. MA Thesis, Rongo University.
Moindi, K.M. (2023, 99-114), The Colonial Political Economy in Kenya. A Book Chapter in the Palgrave Handbook of Kenyan History.
Mugenda, O. M., & Mugenda, A. G. (1999) Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Nairobi: ACT Press 1999.
Mugenda, O. M & Mugenda, A.C. (2003) Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press. 2003
Nation Media Group (2022), the disagreement between people of Nyarombo and Chinese on mining monopoly, on Tuesday, January 18, 2022
Ndege, P.O. (1987) Economic Change in Kasipul and Kabondo, 1800-1962: 1987.
Ndege, P.O. (2008), An Assessment of Poverty Reduction Strategies in Kenya. OSSREA: 2008.
Ndege, P.O. (2009), Colonialism and its Legacy in Kenya. Public Lecture: Moi University; 2009.
Odinga O. (1974) Not Yet Uhuru: An Autobiography, Heinemann, London, Nairobi, Lusaka, 1974
Ochieng W.R. (1985) The Origin, and Settlement of the Luo in Nyanza. Kisumu, 1985
Ochieng W.R. and Maxon Robert (1992), An Economic History of Kenya, Nairobi, English press Ltd.
Odongo, L. (2016) ‘Report on the Capacity Building Training for Farmers in Nyanza and Western Sugar Belt, Kenya’, 2016.
Onchagwa T.E, (2011) Influence of Agricultural Input Subsidies Program on Food Security in Rongo district: Nairobi: University of Nairobi, 2011.
Onduru, T. A. (1992) ‘Some Aspects of Economic Change in Kano, Kenya, 1850-1963’, M.A. Thesis, University of Nairobi, 1992.
Ogot, B.A. (1967), History of the southern Luo; migration, and settlement. Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1967
Oloo M.O. (2011), Influence of Youth Enterprise Development Fund Loans on Employment Creation in Rongo Constituency: Migori County, Kenya
Pala, A. O. (1977) ‘Change in Economy and Ideology: A Study of the Joluo of Kenya (with Special Reference to Women)’, Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University, 1977.
Prpic, I. (1998), Forward to the book, “Nations and Nationalism in Ernest Gelner.
Ray, D. (1998), Development Economics. Princeton University Press
Report of the Educational Institutions for the year 1929,” the Adventist Survey, May 1, 1930,5.
Rodney, W. (1981) How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, Harvard University Press, Washington, D.C. 1981.
Roesler P. et. al (2022), The Cash Crop Revolution, Colonialism and Economic Reorganization in Africa. World Development Volume 158, 2022.
Sunkel O. (1969,23) The Pattern of Latin America Dependence: University of Chile, Chile. 1969:23.
Bodenheimer, S.(1971,226) ‘Dependency and Imperialism: The Roots of Latin American Underdevelopment’ In K.T. Fann and Donald C. Hodges, eds, Readings in U.S Imperialism, Boston: Porter Sergeant,1971 p.226.
The 1st, October, 1908 Official Gazette Notice from the Governor of East African Protectorate.
Todaro, M.P.,& Smith, S.C. (2020). Economic development (13th ed.). Pearson.
Topi, M. (2009), Rod i nacija, ocuvanje nacionalnog identiteta kroz rodno dishriminacijsku nacion atsticku politiku: slucaj Hrvatske iz devedesetin. Vol. XLIII, No.2:185-207.
Trochim, W.W. (2006) Qualitative validity. Research methods knowledge base,
Tignor, R. L. (1976) The Colonial Transformation of Kenya: Kamba, Kikuyu, and Masai from 1900-1939, Princeton University Press.
USAID, (2022), Food Security and Climate Change in Kenya. Washington, DC: USAID
Walle, V. (2009,307-327), The Institutional origins of Inequality in Sub Saharan Africa. Annual Review of Political Science,12(2009: p. 307-327.
Vansina, J. (1965) Oral Traditions: A study in Historical Methodology, Trans H: M. Wright,
World Bank (1970), situation of coffee in Brazil and its Implication to World Market. Economic committee papers- brazil- SecM70-22- Brazilian Coffee Situation.
World Bank, (2019a), Iraq Economic Monitor, Turning the Corner: Sustaining Growth and Creating Opportunities for Iraq’s Youth,
World Bank, (2019d,206), Women’s Economic Participation in Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon, 2019d, pp.206.
Wrigley et. al (1960), Crops and Wealth in Uganda, Oxford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.62226/ijarst20262713
PAGES : 2014-2118 | 6 VIEWS | 3 DOWNLOADS
Miganda Mark OmondI Odera, Dr. John Akumu Orondo and Dr. Nashon Budy Budi | The Cash Oriented Colonial Economy In Migori County, Kenya Upto 1963 | DOI : https://doi.org/10.62226/ijarst20262713
| Journal Frequency: | ISSN 2320-1126, Monthly | |
| Paper Submission: | Throughout the month | |
| Acceptance Notification: | Within 6 days | |
| Subject Areas: | Engineering, Science & Technology | |
| Publishing Model: | Open Access | |
| Publication Fee: | USD 60 USD 50 | |
| Publication Impact Factor: | 6.76 | |
| Certificate Delivery: | Digital |